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<P align=left><FONT face=宋体>Ancient Chinese Usage of Colors in Costume - The Cultural Qualities of the Colors "</FONT><FONT face=宋体>Black" and "Reddish Yellow</FONT><FONT face=宋体>" </FONT></P>
<P align=left><FONT face=宋体><B>台南女子技术学院服装设计系 讲师 庄庆美</B></FONT></P>
<P><B>Ancient Chinese Usage of Colors in Costume – The Cultural Qualities of the Colors “Black” and “Reddish Yellow”</B>
<P><B> Ching-Mei Chuang Lecturer, Department of Fashion Design, Tainan Women’s College of Arts & Technology </B>
<P><B>Abstract </B>
<P><B>Among all the in the political systems in Chinese nations through history, there was a special system with different colors, of different ranks and uses when in refers to headdresses and costumes, and therefore, costume became a very important segment in the political system of the nation. The most colorful outer appearance and the inner significance of achieving the cultural convention in which “the ways to make coherent the heaven and the earth” coexist and have become the special qualities of Chinese culture in costume.
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<P><B>The colors used in all varieties of the color system of the headdresses and costumes, the combination of the colors “black” and “ “ was considered to be the most noble among the colors considered “most esteemed” in the uses of colors in costumes. It contains the uses of poetry, books, etiquette and music; the realization of the teaching and prevalence of the saints and the wise; it
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<P align=left><B>houses the ethics, virtues, kindness and righteousness that has been shining through history and containing the special values of the ethnical culture. It follows many virtues in the Confucian thinking and relied on the traditional philosophical convention in pursuing the in which the heaven and humans become one. It once and again demonstrates the function of the rules in costume and the wisdom of “defining objects in representing virtues” of the ancient Chinese.
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<P align=left><B>The application of the combination of these two colors – “black” and “reddish yellow” has been evidenced to be a perfect match no matter in the ancient Chinese “sense of colors” or the modern chromatics. It also proves that the wisdom shown in the way ancient Chinese people’s views in colors was based on the optical chromatics sensed by vision, which was much different from the Chinese philosophical climate s; It sprung nevertheless on the same basis with modern Western chromatics which also bases its theories on optical principles.
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<P align=left><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">Keywords: Black, Reddish Yellow, Chromatics, Culture in Costume</FONT></B><B>
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<P align=center><B><FONT face=宋体>壹,绪论
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<P><B><FONT face=宋体>一,研究动机
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<P><FONT face=宋体>本文择题究史</FONT><FONT face=宋体>,只是取其服制中最高等服制之色彩之「玄」,「纁」一项试作探讨.此乃关乎整个国家的政教,其重要性不容置疑.考遍相关记载,所言「周礼六冕」之正服皆「玄衣纁裳」,尤以《诗经》所载「玄衮赤舄」之篇章甚多;亦或青铜乐器之铭文,可见於「吉金文」中载「玄衮赤市(韍)」,比比皆然.「玄色」者,先染白,再染黑谓之玄色.黑中扬赤的玄色,象徵宇宙奥秘莫测,提示人们,大宇赐恩德莫大,要感恩报德.「纁色」者,是赤绛色而微黄,历世诸家释纁言之浩繁,郑玄注《周易》则谓「黄而兼赤为纁」.概乎言之浅绛.而玄衣纁裳乃缘自:天玄地黄之「玄衣黄裳」;《后汉书舆服志》:「……故上衣玄,下裳黄.……」(注1)其源乃与五行相因,容后分述.有「衣冠王国」雅誉的中华民族服饰文化,已步入地球村,植入时尚流行舞台的行列中,为此,我等中华儿女为之荣耀,然欲将古人之智慧与文化普及於地球任何角落,窃思,学习与传授服饰相关课题者必备的使命感,不惟此,固有的文化,先人的智慧,更有待后人的发扬并光大之,尤以研究中华服饰文化者,是不容迟疑的. 古人对服饰有一定的规制,并非凭空造诣,如《后汉书舆服志》:「……仰观象於天,俯观法於地…….以五采章施于五色作服」…….孔安国曰:「以五采明施于五色,作尊卑之服…….」在正史中的字里行间,
清清楚楚地,明明白白地,解说来龙去脉.仰观天之象,俯观地之法,尊宇宙大地的恩泽,效法大自然一切荣华文饰之色,始制定服章规制,以区分爵禄位阶,尊卑贵贱.先民的智慧多麼崇高伟大,令后世子孙敬仰. 虽言如此,但今人受今日巨变的生活形态,已将服装史学渐变为冷门学科了.基於此,笔者愿虚心钻研,藉此篇幅阐述内心於万一,期能厚植资源,善养气质,
以求温古人之智慧,进而启发新的资源,以达古为今用的醒世意义.此乃本文之作的动机.
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<P><B><FONT face=宋体>二,研究目的与范围
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<P><FONT face=宋体>(一),研究目的
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<P><FONT face=宋体>中国古称「衣冠文物礼仪之邦」,所有服饰典章,不但在外形上华美,更具内在文化意涵;《春秋左氏传》:「裔不谋夏,夷不乱华.」疏:「中国有礼仪之大,曰夏;有采章(冕服)之美,谓之华.」可知中国古称华夏,是依於衣冠华美而得名,尤以采章之美,亦即冕服之采章之美,只言冕服之正服,「玄衣纁裳」,就是采章冕服的主体.不惟此,其间文采之内涵,表德劝善,别尊卑,以建立良好社会形态秩序,与组织功能.
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<P><FONT face=宋体>「玄衣纁裳」衬托华夏之美,不仅外在内涵并存,甚至内涵扶持着外在,而使外在只是寓之於目的形象,内涵才是「玄衣纁裳」规制的实质.此乃是「制物象德」「以礼治国」的缘故.
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<P><FONT face=宋体> 愿藉由本文之广散,而获得,知音相应,共赏古人 对「玄」「纁」之规制用於最崇高的礼服上,其色之尊, 能古为今赏,广用於今人的服饰色彩美学上.此乃本文 之作的目的.
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<P><FONT face=宋体>(二),研究范围
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<P><FONT face=宋体>研究「玄」,「纁」之色,用於最崇高的冕服服饰上, 作为祭祀的礼服,并探讨其色调之说文解字,以及玄, 纁两色其外在与内涵的效能.
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<P><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.</FONT>据诸多古籍载录中<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>玄衣纁裳的思想渊源<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>来自「尊天法地」的「天道」思想<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>而天道是以「德」为命<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>至美至善<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>这是超乎神文思想的人文思想。
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<P><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.</FONT>上衣为「玄」色较之青<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>赤<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>黄<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>白<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>黑五正色尤为尊贵而独居其上<FONT face="Times New Roman">.
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<P><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.</FONT>上玄下纁之配色乃<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>衣为「正色」<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>裳为「间色」的搭配<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>也是尊卑有序之意<FONT face="Times New Roman">.
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<P>文献包括<FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT>出土铭文等<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《诗经》〈风〉〈雅〉〈颂〉<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《周礼》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《尚书》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《虞书》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《夏书》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《论语》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>历代《舆<FONT face="Times New Roman">(</FONT>车<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>服志》《礼志》《仪卫志》《郊祀志》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《礼记》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《仪礼》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《易》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>《史记》<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>之正文或见注文的伸说<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>名人之作如梁启超<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>王梦鸥<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>李应强及国服史学大师<FONT face="Times New Roman">-</FONT>王宇清教授之著<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>相关书籍及学报<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>期刊等等经史典籍亟待深入探索<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>俾明究竟<FONT face="Times New Roman">.
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<P><B><FONT face=宋体>三,研究方法
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<P><FONT face=宋体>本文之著,采用史学研究法中的资料搜集,整理,归纳,求证诸法,特将千古历代的服色制度,以历史叙述的规制分别节段,一一予以系统的论述.其间包括:
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<P><FONT face=宋体>(一),所有历代相关铭文,载籍等的记载.
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<P><FONT face=宋体>(二),近人,今人之著作及各期刊等的记载.
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<P><FONT face=宋体>(三),对载籍所见史料的系统整理与分析,求证与深入了解,加以分别的整合.
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<P><FONT face=宋体>(四),分章分节求得完整的结论.
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<P><FONT face=宋体>(五),所有本研究追求的体系约如下述的架构.
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[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-16 21:10:20编辑过]
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